Effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of broiler chicks

[b style="line-height: 20.5pt;"]Effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces       cerevisiae) on performance of broiler[/b]

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[ltr]A.         M. Shareef and A. S. A. Al-Dabbagh [/ltr]
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[ltr]Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq [/ltr]
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[ltr]Abstract [/ltr]
[ltr]One hundred, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Faobrow CD), were randomly assigned to 5 treatments (20 birds/treatment). Treatment groups were; Control diet without yeast addition (treatment 1), baker yeast 0.5% (treatment 2), baker yeast 1% (treatment 3), baker yeast 1.5% (treatment 4), baker yeast 2 % (treatment 5). Chicks were reared for 21 days. Body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion were weekly determined. All chicks were scarified at the end of 21 days and blood samples were taken from brachial vein for blood analysis, including total RBCS, hemoglobin, Packed cell volume, total white blood cells, differential leukocyte count. Serum samples were taken and assayed for estimation of total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium, uric acid, glucose, ALT and AST enzymes. Chicks in all treatments were killed at the end of the experiment by cervical dislocation, and liver, gizzard, heart, spleen, proventriculus, bursa of Fabricius, pancreas and kidney were collected, weighed, and calculated as a percentage of body weight. Body weight gain for the entire period (3 weeks) were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the treatments 3, 4 and 5, when yeast was added at a rate of 1, 1.5 and 2%, compared with the other treatments (1 and 2). These birds also had a significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake and feed conversion ratio than others. There was no significant difference in the relative organs weights in all treatment groups. No significant changes in hematological parameters, except in hemoglobin improvement at the highest Sc inclusion rate of 2%. No differences were recorded in the percentages and absolute numbers of different WBCs in all treatment groups. Addition of yeast at a rate of 1, 1.5 and 2 %, were significantly (P<0.05) increase levels of total serum protein and glucose, compared with other treatments. All yeast additive levels were responsible for significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum triglycerides, but only at highest level (2%) for serum cholesterol, compared with other treatments. No effect on serum calcium and uric acid levels, and ALT, AST serum activities, were observed by the addition of all Sc additives levels, compared with control treatment. [/ltr]
[ltr]Keywords: Probiotic, Chicken, Performance. [/ltr]
[ltr]Available online at        http://www.vetmedmosul.org/ijvs [/ltr]
[ltr] ( Saccharomyces    cerevisiae[/ltr]
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[ltr] Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 23, Supplement I, 2009 (23-29)   [/ltr]
[ltr]Proceedings of the 5th Scientific Conference, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul [/ltr]
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[ltr]ALT, AST[/ltr]

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[ltr]Introduction [/ltr]
[ltr]Materials and methods [/ltr]
[ltr]A popular alternative to the use of antibiotics has been [/ltr]

[ltr]the use of probiotics which have been used in poultry for “competitive/exclusion” of bacterial pathogens (1). The positive effects of probiotics on animals can result either from a direct nutritional effect of the probiotic, or a health effect, with probiotics acting as bioregulators of the intestinal microflora and reinforcing the host’s natural altitude defenses. There have been numerous studies in humans and animals on the ability of probiotics to change the types and numbers of gut microflora (2-4). Gong et al. (5) define probiotics as health-promoting bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Exactly how supplemental dietary microbial products function in the digestive system is not known, but some suggested mechanism are that they: 1) provide nutrients, 2) aid in digesting foods, and 3) inhibit harmful bacteria (6). Since Tortuero (7) found that Lactobacillus cultures improve broiler growth, many investigations (8,9) have been conducted to determine the effects of probiotic bacteria, mainly the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), on the performance of domestic animals, especially poultry species. Supplementing broilers with microbial cultures provides beneficial bacteria to aid in nutrient absorption and enhance the microbial balance in the avian digestive tract. Therefore, probiotics are used to get rid of stress- induced abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, thus normalizing gut activity (10). Some reports (11,12) showed that additional benefits can be gained by supplementing broiler diets with probiotics as feed additives. Cavazzoni et al. (13) found that feeding probiotic supplements based on Bacillus coagulans enhanced the growth rate of broilers. The objective of this study was to determine the effects Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a dietary probiotic source, on broiler performance, haematological profile and blood biochemistry. [/ltr]

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[ltr]Chicks and diet [/ltr]
[ltr]One hundred, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Faobrow CD), were obtained from a commercial hatchery, individually weight, wing-banded and housed in experiment room and continuous fluorescent lighting. The birds were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups (20 birds/each). Control diet without yeast addition (treatment 1), baker yeast 0.5% (by 3.44x108 CFU/g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration for 37C0 for 3 days) (treatment 2), baker yeast 1% (treatment 3), baker yeast 1.5% (treatment 4), baker yeast 2% (treatment 5). Feed and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. Chicks were reared in individual wire cages for 21 days and fed a typical broiler diet with 22.0 % crude protein and 2950 metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg). Diets were designed to satisfy the recommendations of the NRC (14). [/ltr]
[ltr]Performance [/ltr]
[ltr]Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were weekly determined. Dead birds were daily recorded. [/ltr]
[ltr]Hematological parameters [/ltr]
[ltr]All chicks were scarified at the end of 21 days and blood samples were taken from brachial vein for blood analysis, including total RBCS, hemoglobin, Packed cell volume, total white blood cells, differential leukocyte count, according to (15). [/ltr]
[ltr]Serum biochemistry [/ltr]
[ltr]Serum samples were taken and stored under (-20 ؛C) until assayed for estimation of total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium, uric acid, glucose, ALT and AST enzymes using standard kits (BioMereux, France; Randox, England; Biomaghreb, USA). [/ltr]